{"id":1814,"date":"2009-09-17T08:43:25","date_gmt":"2009-09-17T07:43:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jirioberfalzer.cz\/?p=1814"},"modified":"2018-09-01T08:49:04","modified_gmt":"2018-09-01T07:49:04","slug":"co-je-podstatou-senatorske-stiznosti-na-vazany-mandat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jirioberfalzer.cz\/?p=1814","title":{"rendered":"Co je podstatou sen\u00e1torsk\u00e9 st\u00ed\u017enosti na v\u00e1zan\u00fd mand\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: senat.cz<\/p><\/div>\n

31. srpna podala skupina sen\u00e1tor\u016f \u00dastavn\u00edmu soudu n\u00e1vrh na zru\u0161en\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed z\u00e1kona o v\u00e1zan\u00e9m mand\u00e1tu \u2013 tedy v praxi n\u011bkolika j\u00edm novelizovan\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed jednac\u00edch \u0159\u00e1d\u016f obou parlamentn\u00edch komor.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Smyslem cel\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona bylo pod\u0159\u00eddit pou\u017eit\u00ed tzv. pasarel p\u0159edchoz\u00edmu parlamentn\u00edmu souhlasu. Pasarely jsou ustanoven\u00ed Lisabonsk\u00e9 smlouvy, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016fm EU z vlastn\u00ed v\u016fle zm\u011bnit hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed konsensem, \u010dili bezv\u00fdhradn\u00fdm souhlasem v\u0161ech, na hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9, nebo samy sob\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it pravomoci. P\u0159echod do re\u017eimu v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9ho hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed fakticky znamen\u00e1 zru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va veta pro z\u00e1stupce \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f v Evropsk\u00e9 rad\u011b a v rad\u00e1ch EU a ve sv\u00fdch d\u016fsledc\u00edch povinnost ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 zem\u011b d\u011blat t\u0159eba to, co si nep\u0159eje nebo pro ni nen\u00ed v\u00fdhodn\u00e9, proto\u017ee si to \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina ostatn\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Co tedy vlastn\u011b sen\u00e1tor\u016fm vad\u00ed na z\u00e1konu, jeho\u017e \u00fa\u010delem je omezit dopady Lisabonsk\u00e9 smlouvy?<\/p>\n

Podstata probl\u00e9mu je v dostate\u010dnosti \u2013 z\u00e1kon toti\u017e obsahuje jen nezbytn\u00e9 minimum, kter\u00e9 si vym\u00ednil ji\u017e loni v listopadu \u00dastavn\u00ed soud ve sv\u00e9m prvn\u00edm n\u00e1lezu k Lisabonsk\u00e9 smlouv\u011b. Skupina sen\u00e1tor\u016f naopak chce dos\u00e1hnout maxima. Maxima z\u00e1visl\u00e9ho nejen na vstupu v platnost Lisabonsk\u00e9 smlouvy, ale z\u00e1vazn\u00e9ho i v situaci, kdy t\u0159eba Lisabonsk\u00e1 smlouva nakonec v platnost v\u016fbec nevstoup\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Co tedy p\u0159esn\u011b sen\u00e1to\u0159i cht\u011bj\u00ed:<\/p>\n

1) \u00da\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kontrolu subsidiarity<\/p>\n

Lisabonsk\u00e1 smlouva zav\u00e1d\u00ed princip subsidiarity \u2013 to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee EU sm\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmat spole\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy jen tehdy, pokud p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho c\u00edle nelze dos\u00e1hnout stejn\u011b dob\u0159e \u010di dokonce l\u00e9pe pouze na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni. Lisabonsk\u00e1 smlouva tak\u00e9 d\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0161em parlament\u016fm \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f pr\u00e1vo obr\u00e1tit se na Evropsk\u00fd soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr v Lucemburku, pokud se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bjak\u00fd evropsk\u00fd p\u0159edpis je s t\u00edmto pravidlem v rozporu – to je jedna ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pojistek zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch Lisabonskou smlouvou a st\u00e1le p\u0159ipom\u00ednan\u00fdch jej\u00edmi zast\u00e1nci.<\/p>\n

Ale: Aby se Sen\u00e1t \u010di Sn\u011bmovna mohly v\u016fbec n\u00e1vrhem takov\u00e9 \u017ealoby zab\u00fdvat, mus\u00ed jim to n\u011bkdo navrhnout. A to podle z\u00e1kona sm\u00ed jen skupina alespo\u0148 17 sen\u00e1tor\u016f nebo 41 poslanc\u016f \u2013 v praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tuto mo\u017enost maj\u00ed v rukou jen ty nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed politick\u00e9 strany.
\nSkupina sen\u00e1tor\u016f chce, aby mo\u017enost obr\u00e1tit se na ESD m\u011bli v\u0161ichni poslanci a sen\u00e1to\u0159i a aby toto pr\u00e1vo nebylo \u010desk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem eliminov\u00e1no dokonce nad r\u00e1mec Lisabonsk\u00e9 smlouvy samotn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

2) P\u0159evody pravomoc\u00ed jen \u00fastavn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou<\/p>\n

Pasarel je v Lisabonsk\u00e9 smlouv\u011b asi 10 druh\u016f. Jen jednu z nich z\u00e1kon podmi\u0148uje v\u00fdslovn\u00fdm p\u0159edchoz\u00edm souhlasem Parlamentu, schv\u00e1len\u00fdm \u00fastavn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou. Sen\u00e1to\u0159i cht\u011bj\u00ed, aby takto p\u0159edem, v\u00fdslovn\u011b a \u00fastavn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou musely b\u00fdt schv\u00e1leny v\u0161echny pasarely. Proto navrhuj\u00ed \u00dastavn\u00edmu soudu, aby zru\u0161il ta ustanoven\u00ed z\u00e1kona, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed d\u00e1t souhlas i ml\u010dky, tedy tak, \u017ee ani jedna z komor se nevyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00ed proti ve stanoven\u00e9 lh\u016ft\u011b 6 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f.
\nPokud tato ustanoven\u00ed odpadnou, bude i zde t\u0159eba v\u00fdslovn\u00e9ho souhlasu, tak jako p\u0159i ostatn\u00edm parlamentn\u00edm rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed. Podle n\u00e1zoru sen\u00e1tor\u016f pro Parlament nikdy nesm\u00ed b ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch svrchovanosti zem\u011b platit \u201eml\u010d\u00ed\u0161 \u2013 tedy souhlas\u00ed\u0161\u201c se ztr\u00e1tou suverenity v t\u00e9 kter\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p>\n

V souvislosti s t\u00edm sen\u00e1to\u0159i cht\u011bj\u00ed, aby se \u00dastavn\u00ed soud z\u00e1vazn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159il k n\u011bkter\u00fdm \u00fazce souvisej\u00edc\u00edm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m, tak, jak to d\u011bl\u00e1 v jin\u00fdch kauz\u00e1ch, naposledy v kauze zru\u0161en\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00edho z\u00e1kona o p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Sen\u00e1to\u0159i cht\u011bj\u00ed, aby \u00dastavn\u00ed soud z\u00e1vazn\u011b stanovil:<\/p>\n

3) \u017de v\u0161echny pasarely mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schvalov\u00e1ny \u00fastavn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou, ne jen n\u011bkter\u00e9. Z\u00e1kon to jednozna\u010dn\u011b ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed a vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu by p\u0159ede\u0161lo budouc\u00edm spor\u016fm o platnost jednotliv\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed komor.<\/p>\n

4) Aby \u00dastavn\u00ed soud vzt\u00e1hl tzv. v\u00e1zan\u00fd mand\u00e1t na v\u0161echny oblasti, kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k demokratick\u00e9mu deficitu, tedy na v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 lze na evropsk\u00e9 \u00farovni schv\u00e1lit m\u00e9n\u011b demokratick\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, ne\u017e by bylo t\u0159eba na \u00farovni n\u00e1rodn\u00ed, a fakticky tak obch\u00e1zet n\u00e1rodn\u00ed parlamenty. Proto\u017ee deficit nelze odstranit, ani\u017e by se EU sama stala st\u00e1tem, je t\u0159eba, aby \u010desk\u00fd z\u00e1stupce p\u0159i jejich schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159eboval p\u0159edem souhlas \u010desk\u00e9ho parlamentu, a to dan\u00fd takovou v\u011bt\u0161inou, jak\u00e1 by byla nezbytn\u00e1, kdyby \u010desk\u00fd parlament rozhodoval s\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

5) Skupina sen\u00e1tor\u016f se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee demokratick\u00fd deficit panuje i p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru hlavn\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f EU, zejm\u00e9na komisa\u0159\u016f a soudc\u016f Evrospk\u00e9ho soudu. Zat\u00edmco vl\u00e1da pot\u0159ebuje souhlas Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny, \u010desk\u00fd kandid\u00e1t do celoevropsk\u00e9 \u201evl\u00e1dy\u201c, tj. do Evropsk\u00e9 komise, nic takov\u00e9ho nepot\u0159ebuje. Sen\u00e1to\u0159i se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fdb\u011br \u010desk\u00e9ho kandid\u00e1ta na komisa\u0159e m\u011bl proto podl\u00e9hat souhlasu Sn\u011bmovny.<\/p>\n

6) Podobn\u011b se skupina sen\u00e1tor\u016f domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee souhlasu Sen\u00e1tu by m\u011bl podl\u00e9hat i v\u00fdb\u011br \u010desk\u00e9ho kandid\u00e1ta do Evropsk\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho dvora podobn\u011b, jako je souhlas Sen\u00e1tu nezbytn\u00fd ke jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed soudce \u010desk\u00e9ho \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu.<\/p>\n

7) Sen\u00e1to\u0159i se podrobn\u011b zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed i vztahem obou soud\u016f, tedy \u010desk\u00e9ho \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu a Evropsk\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho dvora, a sna\u017e\u00ed se p\u0159iv\u00e9st \u00dastavn\u00ed soud k tomu, aby jasn\u011b konstatoval, \u017ee to bude v\u017edy jedin\u011b on, kdo bude m\u00edt posledn\u00ed slovo p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, zda n\u011bjak\u00fd evropsk\u00fd p\u0159edpis odporuje \u010desk\u00e9 \u00dastav\u011b nebo je s n\u00ed v soiladu, a to i v situaci, kdy by sv\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm poru\u0161il evropsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo a hrozil mu tak st\u0159et s Evropsk\u00fdm soudn\u00edm dvorem. Tot\u00e9\u017e pr\u00e1vo si ji\u017e p\u0159ed \u010dasem vyhradil n\u011bmeck\u00fd Spolkov\u00fd \u00fastavn\u00ed soud, zn\u00e1m\u00fd svou dlouhodobou ostrou opozic\u00ed v\u016f\u010di evropsk\u00e9mu soudu.<\/p>\n

8) Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, z\u00e1kon o v\u00e1zan\u00e9m mand\u00e1tu p\u0159edstavuje jen nezbytn\u00e9 minimum. Pokud by se v\u0161ak v\u00e1zan\u00fd mand\u00e1t m\u011bl vztahovat nejen \u00fazce na pasarely, ale m\u011bl eliminovat beze zbytku demokratick\u00fd deficit, bylo by t\u0159eba jednac\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dy komor d\u00e1le doplnit. Nav\u00edc dodnes nebyl upraven z\u00e1kon o \u00dastavn\u00edm soudu zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd \u00dastavn\u00ed soud v listopadu 2008 s\u00e1m pova\u017eoval za nezbytn\u00fd k tomu, aby i on mohl vykon\u00e1vat svou kontroln\u00ed funkci nad \u00fastavnost\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch akt\u016f. Sen\u00e1to\u0159i \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed soud, aby do doby p\u0159ijet\u00ed takov\u00fdch \u00faprav z\u00e1kon\u016f zak\u00e1zal ratifikovat Lisabonskou smlouvu, proto\u017ee by ji \u010cesk\u00e1 republika nebyla v\u017edy schopna beze zbytku aplikovat. I zde se sen\u00e1to\u0159i inspirovali v\u00fdrokem n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho \u00fastavn\u00edho soudu z \u010dervna 2009.<\/p>\n

9) Sen\u00e1to\u0159i cht\u011bj\u00ed, aby \u00dastavn\u00ed soud dot\u00e1hl do konce svou vlastn\u00ed my\u0161lenku z listopadov\u00e9ho n\u00e1lezu k Lisabonsk\u00e9 smlouv\u011b, my\u0161lenku o sd\u00edlen\u00e9 suverenit\u011b, a nahlas \u0159ekl, \u017ee \u010desk\u00e1 \u00dastava sice p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159enos n\u011bkter\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu na org\u00e1ny EU, a \u017ee tedy p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd budouc\u00ed vznik evropsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu \u010di jen samotn\u00fd takov\u00fd c\u00edl by byl v rozporu s \u010deskou \u00dastavou, a to neodstraniteln\u011b \u2013 \u00fastavn\u00ed z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd by to cht\u011bl zm\u011bnit, by byl v rozporu s materi\u00e1ln\u00edm j\u00e1drem \u00fastavy a \u00dastavn\u00ed soud by ho musel zru\u0161it stejn\u011b, jako zru\u0161il \u0159\u00edjnov\u00e9 volby.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1v\u011br:<\/p>\n

Na\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem je napomoci ustaven\u00ed takov\u00fdch legislativn\u00edch a \u00fastavn\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00edch pojistek a kontroln\u00edch mechanism\u016f v \u010desk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du, aby byla svrchovanost \u010cR chr\u00e1n\u011bna na n\u011bkolika \u00farovn\u00edch (ob\u011b komory parlamentu a \u00daS) p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm tak, jak je chr\u00e1n\u011bna svrchovanost Spolkov\u00e9 republiky N\u011bmecko.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

31. srpna podala skupina sen\u00e1tor\u016f \u00dastavn\u00edmu soudu n\u00e1vrh na zru\u0161en\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed z\u00e1kona o v\u00e1zan\u00e9m mand\u00e1tu \u2013 tedy v praxi n\u011bkolika j\u00edm novelizovan\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed jednac\u00edch \u0159\u00e1d\u016f obou parlamentn\u00edch komor. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1815,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1814","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ze-senatu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jirioberfalzer.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1814","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jirioberfalzer.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jirioberfalzer.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jirioberfalzer.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jirioberfalzer.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1814"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jirioberfalzer.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1814\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1816,"href":"https:\/\/jirioberfalzer.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1814\/revisions\/1816"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jirioberfalzer.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jirioberfalzer.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1814"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jirioberfalzer.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1814"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jirioberfalzer.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1814"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}